@font-face {
  font-family: "roboto";
  src: url("../fonts/Roboto-Regular.ttf")
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "roboto-light";
  src: url("../fonts/Roboto-Light.ttf")
}


body,
html {
  background-color: #fff;
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: 0;
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  font-family: 'roboto-light', sans-serif;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

#headingcontainer {
  padding: 0;
  background-color: #fff;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 1;
  height: auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  #headingcontainer {
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #headingcontainer {
    padding: 3.5rem 0 1.5rem;
  }
}

#title {
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #454545;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1100px;
  padding: 0 2rem 0 2rem;
}

@media all and (min-width: 880px) {
  #title {
    max-width: 1200px;
  }
}

@media all and (min-width: 1100px) {
  #title {
    max-width: 1200px;
  }
}

#title h1 {
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.3;
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  max-width: 900px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

#title h1 span {
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin:0;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) and (min-width: 769px) {
  #title h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
    max-width: 750px;
  }
  
  .personal-photo {
    margin-left: -6rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  #headingcontainer {
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
  }

  #title h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
  }

  #title h2 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
}

#title h2 {
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: #555;
  max-width: 600px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  #title h2 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  #headingcontainer {
    padding: 3.5rem 0 1.5rem;
  }

  #title h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }

  #title h2 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
}

#subtitle {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #676767;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

#below-fold {
  position: relative;
  background-color: #fafbfc;
  z-index: 2;
  padding: 4rem 0 4rem;
  margin-top: 0;
  /* box-shadow: 0 -4px 12px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08); */
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  #below-fold {
    padding-top: 3rem;
  }
}

.fixed {
  position: fixed !important;
  top: 3rem;
  /* left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%); */
  border-bottom:1px solid #e4e4e4;
}

.fixed-margin {
  padding-top: 4rem !important;
}

#modal-container {
  display: none;
  z-index: 6;
  position: fixed;
  top: 15%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  max-width: 500px;
  min-width: 300px;
}

#modal-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  background-color: white;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  border-radius: 0.3rem;
  color: rgb(45, 45, 45);
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  max-height: 500px;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

#modal-wrapper p,
#modal-wrapper h2,
#modal-wrapper h3,
#modal-wrapper li {
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

.nav-container {
  position: fixed;
  width: 100%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 2000;
}

#global-nav {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: transparent;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: right;
  color: #454545;
  padding: 1.2rem 5%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  z-index: 100;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, border-bottom 0.3s ease;
}

body:not(.case-study) .nav-container {
  position: fixed;
  width: 100%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 2000;
}

body:not(.case-study) #global-nav {
  position: fixed;
  width: 100%;
}

@media all and (max-width: 600px) {
  #global-nav {
    padding: 1.2rem 5%;
  }
}

.logo {
  width: 80%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  max-width: 300px;
  min-width:200px;

}

#desktop-nav-links,#mobile-nav-links {
  position: relative;
  line-height: 44px;
}

#desktop-nav-links{
  display:none;
}
#mobile-nav-links {
  display:inline-block;
}

@media all and (min-width: 600px) {
  #desktop-nav-links {
    display: inline-block;
  }
  #mobile-nav-links {
    display: none;
  }
}


.aboutme,
.devloglink,
.articleLink,
.resumeLink {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #454545;
  margin-left: 2rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 400;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
  position: relative;
  text-wrap-mode: nowrap;
}

.aboutme:after,
.devloglink:after,
.articleLink:after,
.resumeLink:after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1px;
  bottom: -4px;
  left: 0;
  background-color: #1e4d8c;
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.aboutme:hover:after,
.devloglink:hover:after,
.articleLink:hover:after,
.resumeLink:hover:after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.resumeLink {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid #1e4d8c;
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.resumeLink:hover {
  background: #1e4d8c;
  color: white !important;
}

/* Remove the underline animation for the resume link */
.resumeLink:after {
  display: none;
}

#myimagecontainer {
  height: 240px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

#myimage {
  position: absolute;
  top: -40%;
  left: -10%;
}

.devloglink:hover,
.resumeLink:hover,
.articleLink:hover,
.aboutme:hover {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  text-decoration: none;
}

nav {
  width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
}

#desktop-nav span {
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #454545;
  margin: 0 1rem;
}

nav hr {
  height: 0.25rem;
  background: tomato;
  border: none;
  -webkit-transition: 0.3s ease-in-out;
  -o-transition: 0.3s ease-in-out;
  transition: 0.3s ease-in-out;
  position: relative;
}

.link-one ~ hr {
  margin-left: 3.75%;
  width: 12%;
}

.link-two ~ hr {
  margin-left: 20.25%;
  width: 22%;
}

.link-three ~ hr {
  margin-left: 46.6%;
  width: 16.5%;
}

.link-four ~ hr {
  margin-left: 67.5%;
  width: 13%;
}

.link-five ~ hr {
  margin-left: 84.7%;
  width: 12%;
}


#carousel {
  width: 100%;
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 auto;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  height: 5300px;
  z-index: 2;
}

@media all and (min-width: 615px) {
  #carousel {
    height: 2700px;
  }
}

/* @media all and (min-width: 920px) {
  #carousel {
    height: 2150px;
  }
}
 */
/*end hamburger icon*/

.project-container {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 9rem 0 4rem;
  width: 90%;
}

.grid-container{
  display: inline-grid;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-left: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

.home-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 320px;
  gap: 2rem;
  width: 90%;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
}

@media all and (min-width: 600px) {
  .home-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    grid-auto-rows: 280px;
  }
}

@media all and (min-width: 1100px) {
  .home-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    grid-auto-rows: 260px;
  }
}

.back-button {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #676767;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
  background: white;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  white-space: normal;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

.back-button:before {
  content: "\2039";
  margin-right: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 0;
  display: inline-block;
}

.back-button a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #939393;
  background-color: white;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0.5rem 2rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  transition: color 0.1s ease;
}

.back-button a:hover {
  color: #d3d3d3;
}

#header {
  overflow-y: scroll;
  max-height: 500px;
  width:auto;
  background-size: cover;
  text-align: center;
  background:#f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  overflow: hidden;
}

#headerImage {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  border-radius: 8px;
  max-height: 90%;
  margin-top:0;
  max-width: 100%;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

#header-container {
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
}

.introduction {
  position: relative;
  height: auto;
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
  text-align: center;
  border: 1px solid rgb(231, 231, 231);
}

.description {
  line-height:150%;
  
}
#description h4 {
  font-family:roboto, sans-serif;
  color: #676767;
  text-align: left;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.15rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid#dbdbdb;
}

#description h5 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-style: italic;
}

#description h3 {
  color: #454545;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  text-transform: capitalize;
  text-align: left;
}

#description a {
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: #676767 !important;
}

#description p,
#description blockquote,
#description ol,
#description ul {
  line-height:150%;
  text-align: left;
  color: #676767;
  margin-top: .5rem;
  font-weight: 100;
  text-align: left;

}

#description figure {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  text-align: center;
  color: #676767;
  font-weight: 100;
}

#description figure img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid #c4c4c8;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

#description figure iframe {
  max-width: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  height: 450px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

#description figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #676767;
  font-style: italic;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  #description figure iframe {
    height: 300px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  #description figure iframe {
    height: 250px;
  }
}

#description blockquote {
  font-style: italic;
}

.project-item {
  text-align: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-radius: 12px;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  background-color: white;
}

.project-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
}

.design-container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  filter: grayscale(100%) contrast(102%);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  background-color: transparent;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.project-item:hover .design-container {
  filter: grayscale(0%) contrast(100%);
  opacity: 1;
}

.about {
  text-align: left;
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -100%;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  min-height: 100px;
  color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: bottom 0.3s ease;
  background: #1e4d8c;
  padding: 1.2rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.project-item:hover .about {
  bottom: 0;
}

.about h2 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
}

.about p {
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.95;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0;
}

.icons {
  padding:0 .1rem;
  width:auto;
}

.icons:hover{
  fill:rgb(104, 104, 104);
}

#facebook, #linkedin {
  height:1.25rem;
}

#instagram {
  height:1.2rem;
}

#overlay {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
  z-index: 12;
}

#image-container {
  height: 500px;
  width: 90%;
  max-width: 800px;
  position: fixed;
  left: 50%;
  -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);
  -ms-transform: translateX(-50%);
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  top: 10%;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background-color: white;
  text-align: left;
  margin: 0;
  overflow-y: scroll;
  padding-right: 2rem;
}

#selected-image {
  float: left;
  position: relative;
  display: inline;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 60%;
  max-height: 500px;
  height: auto;
  margin-right: 2rem;
}

#selected-image-caption {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 35%;
  max-height: 90%;
  color: #484848;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

#selected-image-caption::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.article {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  background: white;
}

.article:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
  background: white;
}

.article h3 {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  max-width: none;
}

.article p {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #2c2c2c;
  margin: 0;
}

#aboutme-article, #project-article {
  display: grid;
  column-gap: 20px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: white;
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  /* box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08); */
  overflow: hidden;
}

#aboutme-article {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(1,1fr);
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1100px;
  width: 90%;
}

#project-article {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

@media all and (min-width: 600px) {
  #project-article {
   grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
  }
}

  .letter, .project-description {
    text-align: left;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    line-height:150%;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 100;
    color: #2c2c2c;
    font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  }

  .project-description {
    padding:0;
  }

  .letter {
    padding: 3rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
  }

  .publications,  .portfolio-list-container {
    text-align: left;
    padding:2rem 3rem 3rem;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    font-weight: 100;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
  }
  a  {
    color:#1b1b1b !important;
  }

  .publications {
    padding:2rem 3rem 3rem;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
  }
  .portfolio-list-container {
    padding:1rem 0;
  }

  @media all and (min-width: 750px) {
    #aboutme-article {
      grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    }
    
    .publications {
      border-left: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
      border-top: none;
    }
  }


  @media all and (min-width: 1100px) {
    .letter {
      padding: 2rem 4rem 6rem 4rem;
    }
    .publications {
      padding: 2rem 3rem 6rem 3rem;
    }
    .portfolio-list-container {
      padding: 0 1rem;
    }
  }


 

  #article-heading {
    max-width: 75%;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 300;
    font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
    color: #1e4d8c;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }

  .post-title {
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  .author {
    display: none;
  }
  .post-image {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .post-date {
    display: block !important;
    position: relative !important;
    top: 0 !important;
    left: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    font-weight: 300 !important;
    font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    color: #686868 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    margin-bottom: 0.1rem !important;
  }
  .excerpt {
    display: none;
  }
  .publication-list,.portfolio-list {
    padding-inline-start: 0;
    margin:0;
  }
  

  .publication-list li,.portfolio-list li {
    padding:0.5rem 0;
    border-bottom:1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214);
    box-sizing: border-box;
    list-style-type:none;
  }

  .publication-list li {
    max-width:90%;
  }

  .portfolio-list li {
    max-width:100%;
  }
  

  .publication-list li:last-child, .portfolio-list li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
  }

  .article-name,.project-name {
    font-family:roboto;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 1rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color:rgb(27, 27, 27);
    display: block;
    line-height: 135%;
    max-width: none;
  }

  .article-name:hover, .project-name:hover  {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }

  .publication-date {
    font-weight: 300;
    font-size:.9rem;
    line-height: 250%;
    color:rgb(104, 104, 104);
  }

.section2-item {
}
/* UTILITIES */

.underline {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.crossout {
  text-decoration: line-through;
}
.emphasize {
  font-style: italic;
}

.text-left {
  text-align: left;
}

.margin-zero {
  margin: 0;
}

.padding-zero {
  padding: 0;
}

.selected {
  font-weight: 900;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 0.25rem solid tomato;
  -o-transition: border 0.2s;
  -webkit-transition: border 0.2s;
  transition: border 0.2s;
}

.no-padding {
  padding: 0 !important;
}

.no-margin {
  margin: 0 !important;
}

.full-width {
  width: 100% !important;
}

.three-quarter-width {
  width: 75% !important;
}

.half-width {
  width: 50% !important;
}

.quarter width {
  width: 25% !important;
}

/* Project Page Specific Styles */
.project-container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 4rem 2rem;
}

#header {
  margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

#header-container {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

#headerImage {
  width: 100%;
  max-width:25rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding:2rem;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.introduction {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 2rem;
}

#project-article {
  margin-bottom: 5rem;
}

.project-description {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #454545;
}

.project-description h3 {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #266edb;
  margin: 3rem 0 1.5rem;
}

.project-description p {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.portfolio-list-container {
  padding: 3rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
}

.portfolio-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

.portfolio-list li {
  margin: 1rem 0;
}

.portfolio-list .project-name {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #266edb;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.portfolio-list .project-name:hover {
  color: #1b4fa3;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .project-container {
    padding: 2rem 1rem;
  }
  
  .introduction {
    padding: 0 1rem;
  }
  
  #header {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
  }
  
  .project-description {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  
  .project-description h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
}

.post-date {
  display: block !important;
  position: relative !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  left: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  font-weight: 300 !important;
  font-size: 0.9rem !important;
  color: #686868 !important;
  background: transparent !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.1rem !important;
}

.article > div:empty {
  display: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}

.publications {
  padding: 2rem 3rem 3rem;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
}

.publications h2 {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  margin-top:0;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.publications .section-description {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #555;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.article-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.article {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  background: white;
}

.article:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
  background: white;
}

.article-date {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #686868;
  font-weight: 300;
  margin: 0;
}

.article-title {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin: 0.1rem 0 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
}

.article-description {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #2c2c2c;
  margin: 0;
}

.letter h2 {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #454545;
  margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.project-title {
  white-space: normal;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.description {
  white-space: normal;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-wrap: break-word;
  max-width: 100%;
}

/* Single column layout */
@media all and (max-width: 599px) {
  .project-item:hover .design-container {
    max-width: 85% !important;
    max-height: 60% !important;
    top: 35% !important;
    filter: grayscale(0%) !important;
    margin-top: 1.5rem !important;
  }
  
  .design-container {
    max-width: 85% !important;
    max-height: 60% !important;
  }
}

/* Two column layout */
@media all and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1099px) {
  .project-item:hover .design-container {
    max-width: 60% !important;
    max-height: 40% !important;
    top: 30% !important;
    filter: grayscale(0%) !important;
    margin-top: 1.5rem !important;
  }
}

/* Three or more columns */
@media all and (min-width: 1100px) {
  .project-item:hover .design-container {
    max-width: 60% !important;
    max-height: 40% !important;
    top: 30% !important;
    filter: grayscale(0%) !important;
  }
}

/* Case Study Styles */
body.case-study {
  background: #fff;
}

.case-study-header {
  width: auto;
  margin-top: 5rem;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem 0;
}

.case-study-header #header {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto 1rem;
}

.case-study-main {
  width: auto;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  background: #fff;
}

.article-page .case-study-main {
  padding-top: 6rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .case-study-header {
    margin-top: 4rem;
    padding: 2.5rem 1rem 0;
  }

  .case-study-main {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  .article-page .case-study-main {
    padding-top: 4rem;
  }
}

.case-study-container {
  display: flex;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.case-study-sidebar {
  flex: 0 0 220px;
  padding: 1rem;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-radius: 12px;
  height: fit-content;
  position: sticky;
  top: 10rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 220px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .case-study-header {
    margin-top: 4rem;
    padding: 0 1rem;
  }

  .case-study-main {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  .case-study-container {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .case-study-sidebar {
    position: relative;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    flex: none;
    padding: 1rem;
  }
}

.case-study-nav {
  width: 100%;
}

.case-study-nav h4 {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #676767;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.5rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-nav .h3 {
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  color: #666;
}

.case-study-nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
}

.case-study-nav li {
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.case-study-nav a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  color: #454545;
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-left: 2px solid transparent;
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-nav a:hover {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  background: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.04);
  transform: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.case-study-nav a.active {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  background: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.04);
  font-weight: 500;
  border-left: 2px solid #1e4d8c;
}

/* Remove back button styles */
.back-button {
  display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .case-study-sidebar {
    padding: 0.75rem;
  }

  .case-study-nav ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0;
    border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
    border-radius: 6px;
  }

  .case-study-nav li {
    margin: 0;
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    border-bottom: none;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
  }

  .case-study-nav li:last-child {
    border-right: none;
  }

  .case-study-nav a {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0.4rem;
    border-left: none;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  }

  .case-study-nav a.active {
    border-left: none;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #1e4d8c;
  }
}

/* End Case Study Styles */

.social-icons {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

.personal-photo {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.heading-flex {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 4.5rem;
  position: relative;
}

.heading-text {
  flex: 1;
  padding-bottom: 6rem;
  padding-right: 0;
  z-index: 2;
}

.personal-photo {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
  margin-left: -8rem;
  z-index: 1;
  height: 600px;
  top: 8rem;
}

.personal-photo img {
  max-width: 30rem;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 12px 12px 0 0;
  width: 40vw;
  display: block;
  margin: 0 auto;
  /* margin-top: 16rem; */
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 951px) {
  #title {
    max-height: 75vh;
  }

  .heading-flex {
    max-height: 75vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .heading-text {
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }

  #title h1 {
    font-size: 2.6rem;
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
    max-width: 750px;
  }

  #title h2 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    max-width: 550px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 950px) and (min-width: 769px) {
  #title {
    max-height: 70vh;
  }

  .heading-flex {
    max-height: 70vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .heading-text {
    transform: translateY(5rem);
  }

  #title h1 {
    font-size: 2.25rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    max-width: 650px;
  }

  #title h2 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    max-width: 500px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .heading-flex {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .heading-text {
    padding-bottom: 0;
    order: 2;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }
  
  #title h1, #title h2 {
    text-align: center;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }
  
  .personal-photo {
    height: 300px;
    margin-left:1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 7rem;
    order: 1;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .personal-photo img {
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: 0;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 769px) {
  .heading-text {
    text-align: left;
    margin-right:3rem;
  }

  #headingcontainer {
    margin-bottom:0;
  }

  /* .personal-photo {
    padding-left: 4rem;
  } */
  
  #title h1, #title h2 {
    text-align: left;
    margin-left: 0;
  }
}

/* Other Case Studies Footer */
.other-case-studies {
  margin-top: 32px;
  padding: 2rem;
  background: white;
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
}

.other-case-studies h3 {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.case-study-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.case-study-links a {
  color: #454545;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
  background: white;
  white-space: normal;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

.case-study-links a:hover {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .other-case-studies {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .case-study-links {
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
  
  .case-study-links a {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
  }

}
@media (max-width: 846px) {

  .heading-text {
    padding-bottom:4rem;
  }
}
.case-study-content #description h1,
.case-study-content #description h2,
.case-study-content #description h3,
.case-study-content #description h4 {
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-content #description h1 {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.case-study-content #description h2 {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin: 3rem 0 1.25rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.case-study-content #description h3 {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #454545;
  margin: 2rem 0 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.case-study-content #description h2:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .case-study-content #description h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin: 0 0 2.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }

  .case-study-content #description h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin: 2.5rem 0 1rem;
  }

  .case-study-content #description h3 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.75rem;
  }
}

.case-study-content #description p {
  color: #454545;
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.case-study-content #description ul {
  color: #454545;
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin: 1rem 0;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

.case-study-content #description li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.back-button {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #676767;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  border: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
  background: white;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  white-space: normal;
  word-wrap: break-word;
}

.back-button:before {
  content: "\2039";
  margin-right: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 0;
  display: inline-block;
}

.back-button:hover {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .case-study-container {
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin-top: 0;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .case-study-sidebar {
    position: relative;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    flex: none;
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  .case-study-nav ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .case-study-nav li {
    margin: 0;
  }

  .case-study-nav a {
    padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
}

/* End Case Study Styles */

/* Other Work Section */
.other-work-container {
  width: 90%;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.other-work-container:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
}

.other-work-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  min-height: 180px;
  position: relative;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .other-work-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
  }
}

.other-work-image {
  position: relative;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  min-height: 180px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
}

.other-work-image .design-container {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-image: url(../images/past-work.jpg);
  background-size: contain;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
  filter: grayscale(100%) contrast(105%);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.other-work-container:hover .design-container {
  filter: grayscale(0%) contrast(100%);
}

.other-work-text {
  padding: 1.75rem 2.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: left;
}

.other-work-text .project-title {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.other-work-text .description {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #454545;
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 300;
}

.other-work-container .projectLink {
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Featured Article Section */
.featured-article-container {
  width: 90%;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.featured-article-container:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.12);
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
}

.featured-article-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  min-height: 180px;
  position: relative;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .featured-article-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
  }
}

.featured-article-image {
  position: relative;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  min-height: 180px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
}

.featured-article-image .design-container {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-image: url('../images/article-illustration.jpg');
  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
  filter: grayscale(100%) contrast(105%);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  transform: none;
}

.featured-article-container:hover .design-container {
  filter: grayscale(0%) contrast(100%);
}

.featured-article-text {
  padding: 1.75rem 2.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: left;
}

.featured-article-text .article-title {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #1e4d8c;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.featured-article-text .article-description {
  font-family: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #454545;
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 300;
}

.featured-article-container .article-link {
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
}

.featured-article-container .article-link:hover {
  transform: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: none;
}

.featured-article-container .article-link:hover .read-more {
  transform: translateX(8px);
}

.subtitle {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #454545;
  margin: -0.5rem 0 2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.case-study-content .project-container {
  padding-top: 0;
}

/* Specific styles for the article page */
.article-page .case-study-content .project-container {
  padding-top: 4rem;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .case-study-content .project-container {
    padding-top: 2rem;
  }

  .article-page .case-study-main {
    padding-top: 4rem;
  }

  .case-study-sidebar {
    display: none;
  }

  .case-study-content {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

}

.back-eyebrow {
  display: block;
  color: #676767;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: left;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.back-eyebrow:hover {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.case-study-content .project-container .back-eyebrow {
  display: block;
  color: #676767;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: left;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.case-study-content .project-container .back-eyebrow:hover {
  color: #1e4d8c;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

.projectLink {
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

a[href^="mailto:"] {
  color: #1e4d8c !important;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a[href^="mailto:"]:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Focus Styles */
a:focus,
button:focus,
input:focus,
select:focus,
textarea:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #1e4d8c;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.resumeLink:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #1e4d8c;
  outline-offset: 2px;
  background: #1e4d8c;
  color: white !important;
}

.article:focus-within {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.2);
}

/* Improve color contrast */
.about {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); /* Darkened for better contrast with white text */
}

#description a {
  color: #1e4d8c !important; /* Ensured link color meets contrast requirements */
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-date,
.publication-date {
  color: #595959 !important; /* Darkened from #686868 for better contrast */
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .featured-article-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .featured-article-image {
    min-height: 240px;
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(30, 77, 140, 0.08);
  }

  .featured-article-image .design-container {
    position: absolute;
    width: 100% !important;
    height: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    max-height: 100% !important;
    top: 0 !important;
    left: 0;
    transform: none;
    margin: 0;
    background-position: center;
    background-size: cover;
  }

  .featured-article-container:hover .design-container {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    max-height: 100% !important;
    filter: grayscale(0%) !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) and (min-width: 768px) {
  .publications {
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .article {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
}

.case-study-content h1 {
  text-align: left;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Project thumbnail layout */
.project-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.project-section img {
  width: 200px;
  height: 150px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.project-content {
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
}

.project-content h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .project-section {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  .project-section img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 200px;
  }
}